A Woman Holding a Balance was a painting by the Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer, created in the 17th century.
Data kept a replica of the painting in his quarters aboard the USS Enterprise-D. (TNG: "The Game", "A Matter Of Time", "Hero Worship", "The Outcast", "The Quality of Life", "Birthright, Part I", "Descent", "Phantasms", "Inheritance", "Masks", "Genesis")