Chief Archon is a Cardassian title, roughly equivalent to that of a human or Klingon judge. They preside over the Supreme Tribunal.
Makbar was the Chief Archon on Cardassia Prime in 2370. She presided over the trial of Miles O'Brien, who was charged of smuggling weapons for the Maquis. (DS9: "Tribunal")
In 2373, after the Cardassian Union joined the Dominion, the Chief Archon tried to resist it. (DS9: "Ties of Blood and Water")