A duotronic-based data-input bridge console
Duotronics was a form of 23rd century computer technology designed by the Federation Doctor Richard Daystrom in 2243. (TOS: "The Ultimate Computer") It succeeded circuitry that used components such as resistors and transistors. (VOY: "Bride of Chaotica!")
By 2233 the USS Kelvin used a Computer that might have been the precursor to the Modern Duatronic Computer designed by Richard Daystrom.
The technology was used aboard Template:ShipClass starships in the mid-23rd century, including the USS Enterprise, in such systems as the ship's sensor array. (DS9: "Trials and Tribble-ations") Daystrom's achievements with this system ultimately earned him the Nobel and Zee-Magnees Prizes. (TOS: "The Ultimate Computer")
In 2268, Daystrom developed a new multitronic system which was to supersede the older duotronic system. However, tests for the new M-5 computer failed and the duotronic system remained. (TOS: "The Ultimate Computer")
Possessing knowledge no more current than the late 23rd century technology, Ard'rian McKenzie thought that perhaps Data possessed a duotronic brain. He in fact had a positronic brain. (TNG: "The Ensigns of Command") Within the Federation, Duotronic systems were ultimately replaced by isolinear circuitry in the 24th century. (TNG: "Relics")
Other cultures still utilized duotronic-based technology during the 2370s. The Druoda incorporated duotronic systems in their Series 5 long-range tactical armor unit. When one was discovered by the crew of the USS Voyager, it attempted to communicate with The Doctor using duotronic algorithms. (VOY: "Warhead")