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| + | [[File:Khan art.jpg|A portrait of [[Khan Noonien Singh]], a man who was a product of '''genetic engineering'''|thumb]] |
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| − | '''Genetic engineering''' |
+ | '''Genetic engineering''', or '''genetic manipulation''' was a process in which the [[DNA]] of an organism was selectively altered through artificial means. Genetic engineering was often used to produce "custom" organisms, such as for agricultural or medical purposes, as well as to produce [[biogenic weapon]]s. The most common application of genetic engineering on intelligent beings in the [[Federation]] was corrective [[DNA resequencing]] for genetic disorders. A far more dubious application of genetic engineering was the genetic enhancement of individuals to produce improved senses, strength, intelligence, etc. |
== Human == |
== Human == |
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During [[Earth]]'s [[20th century]], efforts to produce "[[Augment|superhumans]]" resulted in the [[Eugenics Wars]]. Genetically engineered individuals such as [[Khan Noonien Singh]] attempted to seize power. ({{TOS|Space Seed}}) |
During [[Earth]]'s [[20th century]], efforts to produce "[[Augment|superhumans]]" resulted in the [[Eugenics Wars]]. Genetically engineered individuals such as [[Khan Noonien Singh]] attempted to seize power. ({{TOS|Space Seed}}) |
||
| − | This would lead to the banning of genetic engineering on Earth by the [[22nd century]], even research which could be used to cure critical illnesses. This ban was |
+ | This would lead to the banning of genetic engineering on Earth by the mid-[[22nd century]], even research which could be used to cure critical illnesses. This ban was implemented because of the general fear of creating more tyrants such as Khan. It was also felt that parents would feel compelled to have their children genetically engineered, especially if "enhanced" individuals were allowed to compete in normal society. |
| + | {{bginfo|A line from {{ENT|Affliction}} established the date of the technology being banned as "decades" before [[2154]].}} |
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| − | Some, including geneticist [[Arik Soong]], argued that it was convenient for humanity to denounce the attempts at genetic "improvement" of humanity |
+ | Some, including geneticist [[Arik Soong]], argued that it was simply convenient for humanity to denounce the attempts at genetic "improvement" of humanity, that it was inherently evil because of the Eugenics Wars. He argued that the source of the problem, in fact, wasn't the technology, but humanity's own inability to use it wisely. Imprisoned for, among other crimes, stealing the embryos of a number of [[Augment]] children, Soong wrote long treatises on the subject of genetic augmentations and improvements. His works were routinely taken and placed into storage (although his jailers often told him that his work was vaporized). [[Captain]] [[Jonathan Archer]] expressed his hope to Soong that research into genetic engineering that could cure life-threatening diseases would someday be resumed. ({{ENT|Borderland|The Augments}}) |
| + | Others, however, chose to establish isolated [[colony|colonies]], as became the case with the [[Genome colony]] on [[Moab IV]], which was established in [[2168]]. It became a notable and successful example of [[Human]] genetic engineering in which every individual was genetically tailored from birth to perform a specific role in society. However, after a five-day visit by the {{USS|Enterprise|NCC-1701-D|-D}} – when the ship came to the colony in an effort to save it from an approaching [[neutron star]] which, eventually, the craft was able to effectively redirect – twenty-three colonists left the colony aboard the craft, possibly causing significant damage to the structure of their society. The reason for the societal split was that those who left the colony had realized their organized, pre-planned world had certain limitations, lacking opportunities to grow that were offered by the ''Enterprise''. ({{TNG|The Masterpiece Society}}) |
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| − | Imprisoned for, among other crimes, stealing the embryoes of a number of [[Augment]] children, Soong wrote long treatistes on the subject of genetic augmenations and improvements. His works were routinely taken and destroyed by his jailors, until the intervention of [[Jonathan Archer]], after which they were taken and stored. |
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| ⚫ | By the [[24th century]], the [[United Federation of Planets]] allowed limited use of genetic engineering to correct existing genetically related medical conditions. Persons known to be genetically ''enhanced'', however, were not allowed to serve in [[Starfleet]], and were especially banned from practicing medicine. ({{TNG|Genesis}}, {{DS9|Doctor Bashir, I Presume}}) |
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| − | Archer expressed his hope to Soong that research into genetic engineering that could cure life-threatening diseases would someday be resumed.({{ENT|Borderland|The Augments}}) |
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| ⚫ | Nevertheless, some parents attempted to secretly have their children genetically modified. ({{DS9|Doctor Bashir, I Presume}}) Unfortunately, most of these operations were performed by unqualified physicians, resulting in severe psychological problems in the children due to their enhancements being only partially successful, such as a patient's senses being enhanced while their ability to process the resulting data remained at a Human norm. ({{DS9|Statistical Probabilities}}) |
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| − | Others, however, chose to establish isolated [[colony|colonies]] as became the case with the [[Genome colony]] on [[Moab IV]], which was established in [[2168]]. It became a notable and successful example of [[human]] genetic engineering in which every individual was genetically tailored from birth to perform a specific role in society. ({{TNG|The Masterpiece Society}}) |
||
| ⚫ | {{bginfo|The Federation seemed to apply the ban loosely in the area of officially sanctioned scientific research. In [[2365]], the Federation permitted limited genetic research on Humans at the [[Darwin Genetic Research Station]]. The crew of the [[USS_Enterprise_(NCC-1701-D)|USS Enterprise]] encountered these genetically engineered children, whose genetically enhanced immune systems altered germs in order to repel them. The children were also [[telepathic]]. Their immune systems caused rapid aging in adults exposed to the children, killing the entire crew of the [[USS Lantree]]. The results of these disastrous experiments may have convinced the Federation to reimpose stricter prohibitions by the [[2370s]]. ({{TNG|Unnatural Selection}})}} |
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| ⚫ | By the [[24th century]], the [[United Federation of Planets]] allowed limited use of genetic engineering to correct existing genetically |
||
| + | In some cases, genetic engineering can be permitted to be performed ''in utero'' when dealing with a developing fetus to correct any potential genetic defects that could handicap the child as they grew up. [[Chakotay]]'s family history included a defective gene that made those who possessed it prone to hallucinations, the gene afflicting his grandfather in Chakotay's youth, although the gene was suppressed in Chakotay himself. ({{VOY|The Fight}}) In [[2377]], [[The Doctor]] performed prenatal genetic modification on [[Miral Paris]] to correct a spinal deviation, a congenital defect that tends to run in [[Klingon]] families; [[B'Elanna Torres|Miral's mother]] had undergone surgery to correct the defect in herself at a young age. ({{VOY|Lineage}}) |
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| ⚫ | Nevertheless, some parents |
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| − | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| − | |||
| − | In [[2377]], [[The Doctor]] performed prenatal genetic modification on [[Miral Paris]] to correct a spinal deviation, a congenital defect that tends to run in [[Klingon]] families. ({{VOY|Lineage}}) |
||
== Dominion == |
== Dominion == |
||
| − | The [[Founder]]s of the [[Dominion]] |
+ | The [[Founder]]s of the [[Dominion]] performed extensive genetic modifications on their two servant races, the [[Jem'Hadar]] and the [[Vorta]], in order for them to better serve their roles and to ingrain a fanatical devotion to the Founders. ({{DS9|The Abandoned|Ties of Blood and Water}}) As a result of these modifications, neither species reproduced in the traditional biological sense. ({{DS9|To the Death}}) |
| − | + | According to Vorta legend, they were originally ape-like creatures who were gifted sentience by the Founders after they helped a changeling escape pursuit. ({{DS9|Treachery, Faith and the Great River}}) |
|
| + | {{bginfo|It is unknown whether the Jem'Hadar had any such ancestral species.}} |
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| ⚫ | |||
| + | |||
| ⚫ | |||
== Suliban == |
== Suliban == |
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| − | During the [[21st century]], the [[Suliban]] were no more evolved than humans. However, a number of Suliban, from a faction known as the [[Suliban Cabal]], became recipients of some very sophisticated genetic engineering thanks to a [[ |
+ | During the [[21st century]], the [[Suliban]] were no more evolved than humans. However, a number of Suliban, from a faction known as the [[Suliban Cabal]], became recipients of some very sophisticated genetic engineering thanks to a [[Humanoid Figure|mysterious humanoid]] from the [[28th century]]. These "enhancements" included subcutaneous pigment sacs, a bio-mimetic garment and eyes with compound retinas – which allowed them to see things [[starship]] [[sensor]]s likely could not detect. The Suliban considered these "enhancements" as "progress". ({{ENT|Broken Bow}}) |
| + | |||
| + | <gallery> |
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| + | File:Suliban eye.jpg|The enhanced [[eye]] |
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| + | File:Suliban lung.jpg|The enhanced [[lung]] |
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| + | File:Genetically enhanced Suliban.jpg|Shifting under a door |
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| + | </gallery> |
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== Klingons == |
== Klingons == |
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| Line 36: | Line 42: | ||
== Others == |
== Others == |
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| − | When they were captured by a [[pre-warp civilization]] in [[2152]], [[Jonathan Archer]] and [[Malcolm Reed]] claimed to be prototypes of a new breed of supersoldiers. ({{ENT|The Communicator}}) |
+ | When they were captured by a [[pre-warp civilization]] in [[2152]], [[Jonathan Archer]] and [[Malcolm Reed]] claimed to be prototypes of a new breed of supersoldiers to conceal the existence of alien life from the civilization. ({{ENT|The Communicator}}) |
Genetic engineering had been employed on [[Denobula]] since the twentieth century, to generally positive effect. ({{ENT|Borderland}}) |
Genetic engineering had been employed on [[Denobula]] since the twentieth century, to generally positive effect. ({{ENT|Borderland}}) |
||
| + | |||
| + | The [[Angosian]]s used genetic engineering to make the [[Unnamed Angosians|perfect soldier]] such as [[Roga Danar]]. ({{TNG|The Hunted}}) |
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The [[Tosk]] were engineered by the [[Hunter]]s to be prey for their traditional hunts. ({{DS9|Captive Pursuit}}) |
The [[Tosk]] were engineered by the [[Hunter]]s to be prey for their traditional hunts. ({{DS9|Captive Pursuit}}) |
||
| + | The [[Son'a]] used genetic manipulation as part of a range of strategies to retard aging. ({{film|9}}) |
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| ⚫ | The [[Brunali]] |
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| + | |||
| ⚫ | The [[Brunali]] were proficient at genetic engineering, which they used to create modified crops capable of surviving on their [[Borg]]-devastated [[Brunali homeworld|homeworld]]. However, they also genetically engineered some of their children to produce a [[pathogen]] deadly to Borg. These children were then allowed to be [[assimilate]]d, so that they could spread the infection to their Borg vessels. [[Icheb]] was one such child, the pathogen causing the cube that he was on to break down, killing all of the active drones and causing the young drones in their maturation chambers to activate before they were fully processed into the Collective. ({{VOY|Child's Play}}) |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
||
*[[Genetic resequencer]] |
*[[Genetic resequencer]] |
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| + | *[[Life Prolongation Project]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
[[Category:Biology]] |
[[Category:Biology]] |
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[[Category:Crimes]] |
[[Category:Crimes]] |
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| + | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| + | [[fr:Ingénierie génétique]] |
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Revision as of 21:58, 15 October 2014
A portrait of Khan Noonien Singh, a man who was a product of genetic engineering
Genetic engineering, or genetic manipulation was a process in which the DNA of an organism was selectively altered through artificial means. Genetic engineering was often used to produce "custom" organisms, such as for agricultural or medical purposes, as well as to produce biogenic weapons. The most common application of genetic engineering on intelligent beings in the Federation was corrective DNA resequencing for genetic disorders. A far more dubious application of genetic engineering was the genetic enhancement of individuals to produce improved senses, strength, intelligence, etc.
Human
During Earth's 20th century, efforts to produce "superhumans" resulted in the Eugenics Wars. Genetically engineered individuals such as Khan Noonien Singh attempted to seize power. (TOS: "Space Seed")
This would lead to the banning of genetic engineering on Earth by the mid-22nd century, even research which could be used to cure critical illnesses. This ban was implemented because of the general fear of creating more tyrants such as Khan. It was also felt that parents would feel compelled to have their children genetically engineered, especially if "enhanced" individuals were allowed to compete in normal society.
Some, including geneticist Arik Soong, argued that it was simply convenient for humanity to denounce the attempts at genetic "improvement" of humanity, that it was inherently evil because of the Eugenics Wars. He argued that the source of the problem, in fact, wasn't the technology, but humanity's own inability to use it wisely. Imprisoned for, among other crimes, stealing the embryos of a number of Augment children, Soong wrote long treatises on the subject of genetic augmentations and improvements. His works were routinely taken and placed into storage (although his jailers often told him that his work was vaporized). Captain Jonathan Archer expressed his hope to Soong that research into genetic engineering that could cure life-threatening diseases would someday be resumed. (ENT: "Borderland", "The Augments")
Others, however, chose to establish isolated colonies, as became the case with the Genome colony on Moab IV, which was established in 2168. It became a notable and successful example of Human genetic engineering in which every individual was genetically tailored from birth to perform a specific role in society. However, after a five-day visit by the USS Enterprise-D – when the ship came to the colony in an effort to save it from an approaching neutron star which, eventually, the craft was able to effectively redirect – twenty-three colonists left the colony aboard the craft, possibly causing significant damage to the structure of their society. The reason for the societal split was that those who left the colony had realized their organized, pre-planned world had certain limitations, lacking opportunities to grow that were offered by the Enterprise. (TNG: "The Masterpiece Society")
By the 24th century, the United Federation of Planets allowed limited use of genetic engineering to correct existing genetically related medical conditions. Persons known to be genetically enhanced, however, were not allowed to serve in Starfleet, and were especially banned from practicing medicine. (TNG: "Genesis", DS9: "Doctor Bashir, I Presume")
Nevertheless, some parents attempted to secretly have their children genetically modified. (DS9: "Doctor Bashir, I Presume") Unfortunately, most of these operations were performed by unqualified physicians, resulting in severe psychological problems in the children due to their enhancements being only partially successful, such as a patient's senses being enhanced while their ability to process the resulting data remained at a Human norm. (DS9: "Statistical Probabilities")
In some cases, genetic engineering can be permitted to be performed in utero when dealing with a developing fetus to correct any potential genetic defects that could handicap the child as they grew up. Chakotay's family history included a defective gene that made those who possessed it prone to hallucinations, the gene afflicting his grandfather in Chakotay's youth, although the gene was suppressed in Chakotay himself. (VOY: "The Fight") In 2377, The Doctor performed prenatal genetic modification on Miral Paris to correct a spinal deviation, a congenital defect that tends to run in Klingon families; Miral's mother had undergone surgery to correct the defect in herself at a young age. (VOY: "Lineage")
Dominion
The Founders of the Dominion performed extensive genetic modifications on their two servant races, the Jem'Hadar and the Vorta, in order for them to better serve their roles and to ingrain a fanatical devotion to the Founders. (DS9: "The Abandoned", "Ties of Blood and Water") As a result of these modifications, neither species reproduced in the traditional biological sense. (DS9: "To the Death")
According to Vorta legend, they were originally ape-like creatures who were gifted sentience by the Founders after they helped a changeling escape pursuit. (DS9: "Treachery, Faith and the Great River")
The Dominion also genetically engineered biological weapons, such as the blight they unleashed against the people of the Teplan system. (DS9: "The Quickening")
Suliban
During the 21st century, the Suliban were no more evolved than humans. However, a number of Suliban, from a faction known as the Suliban Cabal, became recipients of some very sophisticated genetic engineering thanks to a mysterious humanoid from the 28th century. These "enhancements" included subcutaneous pigment sacs, a bio-mimetic garment and eyes with compound retinas – which allowed them to see things starship sensors likely could not detect. The Suliban considered these "enhancements" as "progress". (ENT: "Broken Bow")
Klingons
Others
When they were captured by a pre-warp civilization in 2152, Jonathan Archer and Malcolm Reed claimed to be prototypes of a new breed of supersoldiers to conceal the existence of alien life from the civilization. (ENT: "The Communicator")
Genetic engineering had been employed on Denobula since the twentieth century, to generally positive effect. (ENT: "Borderland")
The Angosians used genetic engineering to make the perfect soldier such as Roga Danar. (TNG: "The Hunted")
The Tosk were engineered by the Hunters to be prey for their traditional hunts. (DS9: "Captive Pursuit")
The Son'a used genetic manipulation as part of a range of strategies to retard aging. (Star Trek: Insurrection)
The Brunali were proficient at genetic engineering, which they used to create modified crops capable of surviving on their Borg-devastated homeworld. However, they also genetically engineered some of their children to produce a pathogen deadly to Borg. These children were then allowed to be assimilated, so that they could spread the infection to their Borg vessels. Icheb was one such child, the pathogen causing the cube that he was on to break down, killing all of the active drones and causing the young drones in their maturation chambers to activate before they were fully processed into the Collective. (VOY: "Child's Play")
See also
- Genetic resequencer
- Life Prolongation Project