A microscope is a scientific instrument designed to allow the viewing of things too small to be seen by normal Human vision. It uses a system of lenses and mirrors to magnify an object many times more than it actually is.
Doctor Phlox usually used a microscope on board Enterprise. (ENT: "Silent Enemy" et al)
Doctor Noonien Soong had a microscope in his laboratories on Omicron Theta. The away team of the USS Enterprise-D visited the left rooms in the colony in 2364. (TNG: "Datalore")
Doctor Katherine Pulaski kept a microscope in her office aboard the Enterprise-D when she signed on her duty. (TNG: "The Child")
The Darwin Genetic Research Station on Gagarin IV, headed by Doctor Sara Kingsley, used microscopes in their investigations. (TNG: "Unnatural Selection")
The science labs aboard Galaxy class starships had microscopes. Wesley Crusher used one during his experiments with nanites. (TNG: "Evolution")
In 2370, Lieutenant Commander Data created a microscope using multiple lenses when he was stranded on Barkon IV, a planet with a pre-warp civilization, to research the radiation sickness that was speading among the villagers. (TNG: "Thine Own Self")
Doctor Julian Bashir used a microscope in the infirmary on Deep Space 9 in 2369 when he examined the DNA probes he collected aboard the Bajoran transport ship. (DS9: "A Man Alone")
Captain Kathryn Janeway kept an old microscope among the decoration of her ready room on board the USS Voyager. (VOY: "The Cloud", "Eye of the Needle", "Ex Post Facto", "Meld" et al)
- Exactly the same prop was later seen in Phlox quarters aboard Enterprise in the episode "The Breach".