Pearl Harbor was the site of a Naval base for the United States of America in the 20th century, located on a harbor known by the same name. The base was the site of a devastating attack by Japanese in 1941, which was directly responsible for America's entry into World War II. (VOY: "The 37's")
The movie From Here to Eternity, starring actor Burt Lancaster, depicted the events of this attack. Benny Russell encountered a newpaper vendor who preferred these war stories over science fiction. (DS9: "Far Beyond the Stars")
The attack would still be regarded four centuries later as the "stage for a bloody preamble to war," comparable to the attack on Station Salem-One. (TNG: "The Enemy")
Background Information
The characters Hickam and Wheeler, from the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode "Inter Arma Enim Silent Leges", are a homage to the Hickam and Wheeler airfields that were also attacked.