The Klingon penal colony of Rura Penthe in 2293
Penal colonies are remote prison facilities with characteristics that vary in accordance with the needs and philosophies of their governing cultures. Typically, a sentence to a penal colony differs from normal incarceration by charging the inmate to perform a service or labor, or to help facilitate their own rehabilitation.
Federation penal colonies
In the mid-23rd century, the penal systems of the United Federation of Planets shifted focus from incarceration and punishment to humane rehabilitation, made possible by new technologies and drug therapies. A key figure of this transition was Doctor Tristan Adams. From the late 2240s and into the 2260s, his practices were replicated in many Federation penal colonies, turning what were essentially cages into effective hospitals. Until promising therapies were developed, those few criminally-insane beings deemed incurable and incorrigible where kept in the secure isolation of Asylum facilities. (TOS: "Dagger of the Mind", "Whom Gods Destroy")
Ambassador Robert Fox threatened to have Montgomery Scott sent to a penal colony for disobeying his direct orders while Captain James T. Kirk was held captive on Eminiar VII. (TOS: "A Taste of Armageddon")
- Central Bureau of Penology
- Elba II asylum
- New Zealand Penal Settlement
- Tantalus colony
Other penal colonies
Mab-Bu VI-A
During the mid-19th century, a penal colony was established on the moon orbiting Mab-Bu VI that included hundreds of prisoners from the Ux-Mal system. As punishment, the prisoners were separated from their bodies and left to drift in the moon's electromagnetic storms. (TNG: "Power Play")
Rura Penthe
Established sometime prior to the mid-22nd century, the Klingon gulag of Rura Penthe was a prison with no stockade, guard tower or electrified frontier. Its only form of protect was a magnetic shield surrounding a radius surrounding the inhabited dilithium mines to prevent unauthorized beamouts.
The stipulations for the inmates of the prison included the simple fact that no one can escape from below. If prisoners worked well, they would be treated well; if they worked badly, they would be punished. Punishment for the inmates was simple exile to the asteroids frozen surface.
In late 2152, Jonathan Archer was captured by the Klingons after assisting Rha'daran rebels. Put on trial on Narendra III, he was sentenced to labor on Rura Penthe, but managed to escape. (ENT: "Judgment")
In 2293 James T. Kirk and Leonard McCoy were sentenced to Rura Penthe to spend the rest their natural lives mining dilithium, but also escaped. (Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country)
Lunar V
The Angosian Lunar V colony was created for its genetically-enhanced soldiers who previously participated in the Tarsian War. According to the Angosian government, the soldiers were placed there "for their own protection as well as that of others." Despite the fact that they made every effort to make the colony as amiable for its "colonists" as possible, the fact remained that it was still a prison. (TNG: "The Hunted")
- Jaros II, a Starfleet prison colony.