Dr. Julian Bashir performs a physical on Miles O'Brien.
An annual physical is a yearly examination in which officers are checked for various medical conditions. Just as it has been for centuries, a physical is something no officer looks forward to. In the 23rd century physicals were done on a quarterly basis, but became annual in the 24th century.
A perfect replica of Captain Picard came in two months early for his physical. (TNG:"Allegiance")
Doctor Julian Bashir gave Miles O'Brien an extremely thorough physical when O'Brien was suspected of being a replicant. (DS9: "Whispers")
See also: Quarterly physical