The Pueblo Revolt was a coordinated uprising in 1680 across twelve Native American Pueblos to drive the Spanish out of present day New Mexico.
400 Spaniards and 21 priests were killed in the revolt along with a large number of Native Americans. Javier Maribona Picard was a soldier with the Spanish Empire at the time and participated in the brutal reprisals against the tribes ten years later. His actions created a debt of honor in his family which Anthwara would cite to Jean-Luc Picard nearly 700 years later. (TNG: "Journey's End")