The Ranger spacecraft was a program of early NASA space probes, flown by the Earth's United States of America during the early 1960s.
A record of the launch and flight plans for Ranger 3 through 5 were available in the Enterprise library computer, as well as pictures and plan views of three distinct versions of this design. This data was flashed on a viewscreen when the Talosians scanned the Enterprise computer in 2254. (TOS: "The Cage")
Ranger spacecraft
Ranger Block I
The Ranger Block I was used in the first series of Ranger launches intended to test the Atlas-Agena rocket in preparation for future missions to reach the Moon.
Components for the Block I included: ion chamber, omnidirectional antenna, Lyman-alpha telescope, Earth sensor, antenna gear box, solar panels, high-gain antenna, electrostatic analyzer, sun sensor, and magnetometer. (TOS: "The Cage")
Ranger Block II
The Ranger Block II was used in the second series of launches in the Ranger program designed for achieving Lunar orbit. Ranger 5 was one such probe in this series.
Components for the Block II included: lunar capsule, omnidirectional antenna, RADAR altimeter, solar panels, gamma-ray spectrometer, mid-course motor, retrorocket, TV camera and high-gain antenna. (TOS: "The Cage")
Ranger Block III
The Ranger Block III was used in the third series of launches in the Ranger program designed for achieving Lunar orbit. Ranger 7 was one such probe in this series. (TOS: "The Cage")
Apocrypha
Some historical craft named Ranger have been the namesakes for starfaring vessels and Federation starships in numerous non-canon works and games. A Ranger-class starship was part of the FASA RPG, appearing in such sources as the Federation Ship Recognition Manual. A different, earlier, Ranger-class based on an unused Matt Jefferies starship design was part of the Last Unicorn Games ship list, appearing in the Starfleet Operations Manual, among others. A Miranda-class USS Ranger appears in Star Trek: Shattered Universe and Star Trek: New Worlds promotional material.
Federation
Ranger was also a Miranda class starship from the mid 23rd century to the early 24th century.