- You may also be looking for the Cardassian planet Sarpedion V.
Sarpeidon or Beta Niobe I was a M-class planet, the first and only planet of the Beta Niobe system, inhabited by a civilized humanoid species. The planet was destroyed in the Beta Niobe supernova of 2269. (TOS: "All Our Yesterdays") The location of Beta Niobe was depicted on a Federation star chart. It was located near Ariannus. (TNG: "Conspiracy")
A Federation star chart depicting the location of Beta Niobe
History
Many events of Sarpeidon's past parallel events in Earth history, including an extended period of global glaciation and paranoia due to fears of witchcraft. The planet also was once ruled by a tyrant named Zor Kahn.
In 2269, hours before the sun went nova, USS Enterprise arrived to warn the native species of their impending doom. They however found that prior to the planets destruction, all of its inhabitants had evacuated back in time, using a time portal known as the Atavachron, into various eras of the planets past. (TOS: "All Our Yesterdays")