A sperm whale
The sperm whale (Physeter macro) was an aquatic mammal indigenous to Earth. It was a cetacean species.
The sperm whale created a concretion in its intestines known as ambergris that was once used to stabilize the scent of perfumes. (TAS: "The Ambergris Element")
The sperm whale devoured millions of cuttlefish as it prowled the ocean. Captain Jean-Luc Picard once compared this characteristic of the whale with the Crystalline Entity. (TNG: "Silicon Avatar")
When Spock tried to match the sound of the Whale Probe to the sound of an Earth animal aboard the Klingon Bird-of-Prey HMS Bounty, a sperm whale was one of the animals shown. (Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home)
The fictional Moby Dick was a sperm whale. (Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan; Star Trek: First Contact)