Sympathetic magic is a technique for affecting an object by altering a symbol or representation of the object. Proponents of some systems of magical belief contend that objects can be connected – for example, a picture or doll that looks like a person is similar to, and hence sympathetic with, the actual person. Such beliefs appear in some religions, most notably voodoo, a synthesis of elements of Roman Catholic ritual and African animistic religions.
A model ship, trapped like a fly in amber
In 2267, the USS Enterprise encountered extra-galactic explorers Sylvia and Korob. They used a science they likened to sympathetic magic on several occasions. To murder Crewman Jackson, Sylvia constructed an image of him, and in her thoughts that image was Jackson. When she killed it, and knew that it was dead, the real Jackson died. Later, she passed a small replica of the Enterprise through a candle flame, and this caused the real ship to experience dangerous levels of heat. To prevent the Enterprise from sending a rescue party, Korob then encased the model in a clear crystal, creating an "impenetrable force field" around the ship. (In fact, the field was not impenetrable; DeSalle and Chekov discovered an electrical field that weakened and would eventually have destroyed Korob's field. Korob's opinion was probably a product of the fact that he and Sylvia knew little about Federation science.) (TOS: "Catspaw")
Background
Futurist and science-fiction author Arthur C. Clarke famously stated that any sufficiently advanced science was indistinguishable from magic. Whether the science employed by Sylvia and Korob was very advanced, or merely different, is debatable.
A typical candle burns at around 400 °F (205 °C), which is far lower than temperatures the Enterprise hull experienced on other occasions. It is therefore reasonable to conclude that the technique employed by Sylvia magnified the heat experienced by the model or that the heat was not produced by the actual ritual.