The Case of Jonathan Doe Starship

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File:Starbase11 chart.jpg

The starship chart in "Court Martial"

The Case of Jonathan Doe Starship was an influential article about starship registries written by long-time Star Trek studio model builder Greg Jein as a fan, published in the fanzine T-Negative Nr. 27 of April, 1973.

The article had apparently been circulating among fans for some time prior to that date, as it was sent in to the magazine by several people, including Jein himself, as a response to a reader question in an earlier issue of the magazine.

Determining starship registries

In the article, Jein attempted to create a list of starships with their respective registry numbers. Since no such lists existed at the time, he chose to use the registries seen in the first season episode "Court Martial" of Star Trek: The Original Series as a basis for his list. However, as he explained, he "combined confusion, circumstance, and innuendo to produce illogic, but it relatively (in the loosest possible sense) forms a semi-cohesive pattern."

Jein started by determining the names of the starships first. Taking names from The Making of Star Trek and the Star Trek episodes, he arrived at the following list:

• USS Constellation
• USS Constitution
• USS Defiant
• USS Eagle
• USS Endeavour
• USS Enterprise
• USS Essex
• USS Excalibur
• USS Exeter
• USS Farragut
• USS Hood
• USS Intrepid
• USS Kongo
• USS Lexington
• USS Potemkin
• USS Republic
• USS Valiant
• USS Yorktown

He then claimed that the Constellation, Defiant, Farragut, Kongo, Republic and Valiant were unlikely to have appeared on the Starbase 11 chart, due to them being either not yet constructed or no longer in active service. Removing these ships left twelve, exactly the number of starships mentioned by Kirk in the first season episode "Tomorrow is Yesterday".

Jein then matched these 12 names to the 10 numbers on the chart by using a reverse alphabetical ordering, arriving at the following matches:

NCC number	Starship name
	Yorktown
	Potemkin
1709	Lexington
1631	Intrepid
1703	Hood
1672	Exeter
1664	Excalibur
1697	Essex
1701	Enterprise
1718	Endeavor
1685	Eagle
1700	Constitution

Although he himself admitted there was little logical reasoning behind this ordering, it did led by chance to several interesting matches. The 1701 was correctly assigned to the Enterprise, and the 1700 was very conveniently matched to the USS Constitution, the presumed first ship of the Constitution-class. Furthermore, the Intrepid had the longest bar on the chart, perhaps indicating it had finished repairs, as the plot for "Court Martial" suggested. Incidentally, Jein's observation of a "Constitution-class" struck a cord with production staffers and fans alike, and it was "understood" to have established the Enterprise and her sisters belonging to the Constitution-class ever since, thereby replacing the somewhat non-committal "Starship-class" designation, even though a confirmational canon reference had to wait until 1982.

NCC number	Starship name	Class
NCC-1700	USS Constitution	Mk. IX deep space cruiser
NCC-1017	USS Constellation	Mk. VII interstellar cruiser
NCC-1764	USS Defiant	Mk. IX deep space cruiser
NCC-1685	USS Eagle	Mk. VIII interstellar cruiser
NCC-1719	USS Endeavor	Mk. IX deep space cruiser
NCC-1701	USS Enterprise	Mk. IX deep space cruiser
NCC-1697	USS Essex	Mk. VIII interstellar cruiser
NCC-1664	USS Excalibur	Mk. VIII interstellar cruiser
NCC-1672	USS Exeter	Mk. VIII interstellar cruiser
NCC-1647	USS Farragut	Mk. VIII space cruiser
NCC-1703	USS Hood	Mk. IX deep space cruiser
NCC-1868	USS Hornet	Mk. X deep space cruiser
NCC-1631	USS Intrepid	Mk. VII instellar cruiser
NCC-1732	USS Kongo	Mk. IX deep space cruiser
NCC-1866	USS Lafayette	Mk. X deep space cruiser
NCC-1709	USS Lexington	Mk. IX deep space cruiser
NCC-1702	USS Potemkin	Mk. IX deep space cruiser
NCC-1371	USS Republic	Mk. VI space cruiser
NCC-1865	USS Tashik-Sotra	Mk. X deep space cruiser
NCC-1623	USS Valiant	Mk. VII interstellar cruiser
NCC-1717	USS Yorktown	Mk. IX deep space cruiser

File:Constitution primary phaser.jpg

Jefferies' phaser technical diagram from "Space Seed"

In conclusion, Greg Jein presented a "projected list" of starships, each accompanied with a registry number with names and classifications not seen in "Court Martial", as well as including one vessel never mentioned before (or later for that matter) in any official works or production sources. The names not established in the series proper, he took from the three lists Writer/Story Editor D.C. Fontana and Producer Robert Justman proposed at the start of the production of the second season of The Original Series. Registry numbers not featured in the series, Jein made up, taking care to have them correspond with the classification numbering. The single unreferenced ship, the USS Tashik-Sotra, was an acknowledgment of Justman's annotation on his proposal of 9 August 1967, where the latter remarked, "In addition, I think a name ought to be made up that would be of Vulcan origin." While not adopted, some of Justman's notion was carried over to having the Intrepid a crew that was almost entirely composed of Vulcans. (The Making of Star Trek, pp. 164-165)

The classification of these ships was based on information from a technical diagram labeled 'Primary Phaser L, R', constructed for the script requirements of the first season episode "Space Seed", but only seen very briefly and partially in the later season two episode "The Trouble with Tribbles". The graphic was actually created by Art Director Matt Jefferies, who used his own extensive aviation library as his source. Depicted were two varieties of hydraulic fluid reservoirs, used by the US Air Force at the time. [1] The diagram was endowed with a caption, gleaned by Jein for his article after he had obtained a trimmed clipping from Lincoln Enterprises showing the graphic in its entirety, that read:

PRIMARY PHASER L, R
STAR SHIP MK IX/01
CONSTITUTION CLASS

Taking his cue from the "MK IX/01" specifier from the graphic caption, Jein postulated that this was a newer design variant, or sub-class, with the Constitution being the first, prototype MK IX (sub-)class vessel with the Enterprise as it second member, hence the "01" addition to both the registry "NCC-17" and the technical journal graphic as seen. The vessels with lower registry numbers he assigned lower variant class specifiers accordingly, though he had made an error with the Constellation (having it switched with that of the Republic would have made his list entirely consistent). As he had already established that the producers of the Original Series proceeded from a class launch in the mid-2220s (The Making of Star Trek, p. 203), much older Constitutions with a lower registry number could have existed, being either destroyed or decommissioned prior to 2245, the by the production staff generally accepted – though not firmly confirmed – launch year of the Enterprise. Noteworthy was, that the original designer of the Enterprise and its registry number, Matt Jefferies, has endorsed the rationale behind Jein's numbering system to some extent, "The reason we gave for the choice [NCC-1701] afterwards was that the "Enterprise" was the 17th major design of the Federation, and the first in the series. 17-01!" (Star Trek: The Original Series Sketchbook, p. 62),

The various classes in the diagram featured on the right may or may not have a similar appearance to the Enterprise.

Acceptance of Greg Jein's numbers

These registry numbers, and in some cases, the ships in this list that were not actually seen on Star Trek, have made their way into official works. The first major adoptions of these numbers were in Bjo Trimble's first commercial 1977 reference book edition of the Star Trek Concordance and in the FASA role-playing game in the early 1980s, both of which, as licensed products, considered "official" at the time.

In the 1990s, licensed, and to date still by the Star Trek franchise maintained as official, reference works by Michael Okuda in particular, most notably his Star Trek Encyclopedia, started using these numbers as a tip-of-the-hat to Greg Jein who had become the regular studio model vendor for Star Trek: The Next Generation by that time (ànd who had provided Okuda himself with reference models for representation in his Star Trek Chronology to fill in gaps in Star Trek history), as Okuda himself stated on a later occasion, "I might note that some of the ship registry numbers came from Greg Jein's interpretation of the starship chart in Commodore Stone's office in "Shore Leave" (TOS)." [2]

Up until that point in time, Memory Alpha deemed these numbers conjectural, and not part of the established canon. However, the producers did seem to regard these numbers as the official ones. This was emphasized by Mike Okuda himself, as he specifically mentioned Jein's article as the only non-official, outside reference source in the official Encyclopedia (3rd ed., pp 85-86), without acknowledging or using any other. The 2006 remastered episode versions of The Original Series featured several of the original vessels with visible registry numbers, and they were all based on the list as it was published in the Encyclopedia. Where applicable in the remastered series, Visual Effects Supervisor Okuda made use of the opportunity to marry Jein's numbers to their respective ships, and these at least are as such considered elevated to canon by Memory Alpha.

USS Defiant

They concern the following vessels and their respective appearances:

• USS Defiant (NCC-1764) in ENT: "In a Mirror, Darkly" and TOS: "The Tholian Web" (remastered)
• USS Exeter (NCC-1672) in TOS: "The Omega Glory" (remastered)
• USS Intrepid (NCC-1631) in TOS: "Court Martial" (remastered)
• USS Excalibur (NCC-1664) in TOS: "The Ultimate Computer" (remastered)
• USS Hood (NCC-1703) in TOS: "The Ultimate Computer" (remastered)
• USS Lexington (NCC-1709) in TOS: "The Ultimate Computer" (remastered)

This accounted for all the visually established, unnumbered, Constitution-class vessels seen in the original run of the series – though the Intrepid was originally not featured there visually, but especially retconned into the remastered version –, save one. The one exception was the USS Potemkin (NCC-1657) for which a registry number had already been provided by Okuda himself for representation on the mission charts of Operation Retrieve, seen in Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country. But since he had already propagated this registry in his subsequent reference works, he chose to leave the registry for the ship as is.

Alternatives

A major perceived inconsistency with the scheme presented by Greg Jein is the apparent existence of ships with registry numbers lower than the number of the class ship (the Constitution's NCC-1700). Furthermore, and Jein repeatedly reminds the reader of this, the above scheme is not particularly scientific or logical, and is mostly derived from conjecture and random chance. Yet, as explained above, what Jein's detractors had at the time consistently failed to fathom was, that he actually had accounted for the numbering discrepancy.

A self-appointed so-called "major competitor" on the subject of Constitution-class registries had previously been the Star Fleet Technical Manual by Franz Joseph, published in 1975. In his book, Franz Joseph listed the Constitution-class starships, sometimes as member of some sub-class, with much more consistent registry numbers ranging from NCC-1700 to NCC-1843. Franz Joseph also used a variation of the 'Mk IX' notation. To add to the confusion, the Star Fleet Technical Manual was at one time also regarded as "official", just like the later FASA material. There were on screen references to the Technical Manual ships in Star Trek: The Motion Picture, with the USS Merrimack (NCC-1715) as an example of a starship with a Franz Joseph-derived registry number. For these reasons, many fans preferred Joseph's list above Jein's, resulting that there had been no clear consensus on the issue at the time. And indeed, even Okuda made use of Joseph' work for his "Operation Retrieve" charts, having stated, "Other registry numbers came from Franz Joseph's Star Fleet Technical Manual or his Starship blueprints." [3] However, since he concurrently had made the "Jein's interpretation" remark on the very same occasion, this was a stark indication that he only had become aware of Jein's article in the time period that he was working on both the The Undiscovered Country and the Encyclopedia, and Okuda from there on end has strictly adhered to Jein's article. It was the very last recorded occasion that Joseph's work was ever referenced as a production source. Furthermore, Okuda's contributions to the remastered project and the formal "debunking" of Joseph's work seemed to have settled the matter once and for all. While a dwindling number of die-hard fans still adhere to the work, the official franchise has formally distanced itself from the Technical Manual, dismissing it as "unofficial" and relegating the work to apocrypha status, as it had done with every other (in-universe) reference work, prior to the Chronology. (Star Trek: The Magazine Volume 2, Issue 11, p. 71)

Apart from these two major lists, there have been a few cases in which on screen references to Constitution-class starships have ignored any of the systems. The most notable example was the USS Constellation, whose exceptionally low registry number, "NCC-1017" was the only one visually established in the original run of the Original Series. It, although introduced before any of these lists were set up, has set the precedent for starships using registry numbers lower than that of their class lead ship (in reality the decal sheet of the 1966 first edition AMT Enterprise model kit , no. S921 and from which the Constellation filming model was constructed, only contained the NCC-1701 number and the ship's number was constructed by reshuffling the one decal). The other example was the USS Potemkin, which was given the registry NCC-1657 in The Undiscovered Country, as already explained.

External link

• The full text of The Case of Jonathan Doe Starship at TrekPlace.com