An excerpt from the Treaty of Armens.
The Treaty of Armens was established in 2255 between the Sheliak Corporate and the United Federation of Planets. It contained 500,000 words and took 372 Federation legal experts to draft. The treaty ceded several Class H planets from the Federation to the Sheliak.
A Federation colony was established on planet Tau Cygna V in the 2270s in violation of the Treaty of Armens. The Sheliak exercised their rights to order the colony removed in 2366.
When the colony was discovered to be much larger than anticipated with a population of 15,000, Captain Jean-Luc Picard tried to negotiate a three week delay so the colonists could be removed. When the Sheilak refused to compromise, Picard resorted to using a clause in the treaty which gives him the right to ask for third-party arbitration of the dispute. As the petitioner has the right to choose the adjudicator, he selected the Grizzelas, a species who were in their six month long hibernation cycle at the time and obviously could not hear the case until they awakened. Stunned at being outmaneuvered by the Federation, the Sheliak agreed to the original three week proposal. (TNG: "The Ensigns of Command")