AT: "xx" A vaccine is a chemical preparation that teaches a healthy immune system to fight a pathogen.
Sometime around 1960, scientists on a planet exactly like Earth developed the life prolongation complex. This was a series of viruses that became fatal when the infected individual entered puberty. In 2266, McCoy developed a vaccine that cured at least the fatal form of the disease. (TOS: "Miri")
In 2364, Ligon II had a vaccine to cure Anchilles fever, which the population of Federation planet Styris IV was suffering from. The USS Enterprise-D was sent Ligon II to negotiate with Lutan, leader of the Ligonians, to acquire the vaccine. (TNG: "Code of Honor")
In an alternate reality McCoy gave Kirk a vaccine for a viral infection spread by Melvaran mud fleas to which Kirk has a bad reaction resulting in swollen hands and numb tongue which hinder his attempt to warn Uhura about a possible Romulan attack when Nero attacked Rura Penthe in 2258. (Star Trek)