In Earth mythology, Valkyries were handmaidens of the Norse god Odin.
When Q first appeared on USS Voyager and realized that there were no men aboard he stated: "Say, is this a ship of the Valkyries or have you Human women finally done away with your men altogether?" (VOY: "Death Wish")
In video game Star Trek: Invasion, the Federation Valkyrie-class fighter was named after the Norse warrior women, given the fact that it is a swift and deadly fighter.