Vega colony, located in the Vega system, was established in the early 22nd century, and was one of Earth's most important trade partners in the early days of human interstellar exploration. It was one of the earliest colonies established, along with the Alpha Centauri and Terra Nova colonies. It was, for many decades, located on the frontier of known space.
Travis Mayweather was born aboard his parents' interstellar cargo ship, the ECS Horizon, halfway between Vega colony and Draylax. (ENT: "Fortunate Son")
In 2152, Admiral Forrest speculated that an escape pod-like vessel, found by Enterprise, might have been launched by Vega colony. However, the small vessel was later discovered to be a timeship from the 31st century. (ENT: "Future Tense")
In 2254, the USS Enterprise planned to make use of the facilities at Vega colony to replace crew killed or injured on Rigel VII and to hospitalise some of the casualties. (TOS: "The Cage")
In an alternate timeline, Vega colony was wiped out by the Xindi following their destruction of Earth in 2154. (ENT: "Twilight")